Surveying ME - BMEEOAFM201

Introduction

Cadastral surveying: The aim of cadastral surveying is the mapping of and recording the boundaries and ownership of land and property, and the boundaries of different land usages. Many textbooks explain how surveying was necessary in Ancient Egypt because the annual floods buried or destroyed boundary markers, which then had to be re-established for ownership of the fields (Paulson, 2005 https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/cairo/papers/wshs_02/wshs02_02_paulson.pdf)

Aims of land registration

• protect the safety of ownership
• registration of mortgages which is of utmost importance in the modern economy
• the base of a series of regulations
• at last but not at least the base of taxing

Elements of land registration

in Hungary, we have a unified system

1. property sheet
2. cadastral map, floor plans of other real estates
3. archives. documentation repository

For more details see: http://en.foldhivatal.hu/content/view/72/118/

Property sheet

type: 

1. paper, digital
2. not authoritative, e-authoritative, authoritative
3. full, review

three parts:

1. first part: parcel attributes
2. second part: owners attributes
3. third part: rights, restrictions and responsibilities

an example

Land registry map

These days the land registry maps are digital maps which are equivalent to databases. Of course, the databases must have a graphical interface to visualize them as maps. 

Scale: 1:1000 (built-up areas in cities), 1:2000 (built-up areas in villages), 1:4000 (rural areas)

type: paper or digital

Since 2007 all the maps are digital; however, a printed version can be requested

An example

Content of the land registry map:

Out of the frame

• settlement name
  
• map sheet number
• scale, scale bar
• date
• land registry office
• ...

Inside the frame

• administrative boundaries
• legal parcel boundaries
  
• lot number (parcel id, parcel number, parcel identification number)
  
• buildings and other constructions
  
• street names and house numbers
• sub-parcels, cultivation line, quality classification, sample area
• ...

Cultivation branches

• arable land
• pasture
• grape
• garden
  
• forest
• out of agriculture
  
• ...

Boundaries

Identification and check of boundaries

consistency of data in land registration (e.g. technical and legal area)

difference between the legal and physical boundaries. Tolerance: based upon the technology how the map was developed. Two main technologies: graphical and numerical methods.

setting out the boundaries. It is done by certified land surveyors. An example of its documentation

Changes

1. regarding boundaries: subdivision, unification, adjustment, expropriation
2. regarding buildings: registration of a new one, cancellation
3. further rights: easement, agreement on shared use
4. condominium establishment: floor plan

Steps of parcelling

1. declaration of the claim
2. preliminary negotiation
   
3. land registry data request
4. land survey
5. preparing the technical documentation
6. clause
7. parcelling permit
8. contract, legal activities
   
9. registration of changes